the unit of
the old answer
the CARLOS answer
software
A service. One big deployment serving every customer from shared tables.
An instance. One process and one file per team, per person, per space. A product with many teams is many instances.
trust
A policy. Access control code, audits, a trust centre, and hoping the WHERE clause is right.
A boundary. The operating system's process-and-file line, and for the strongest apps, ciphertext the server cannot open.
cost
Always-on. Servers sized for peak, paid for at 3am.
Zero at rest. A parked app is a few objects in a bucket. Most software is used a few hours a week; the platform bills like it.
who builds
Companies with funding and a roadmap.
Small teams with AI, shipping software they always wanted and could never justify writing by hand.
Each row is a mechanism that exists in the code today. "Seismic" is the claim that all four, combined, change who owns software worldwide. That is a thesis, not a result: it holds if dormant instances stay cheap under real load, forks stay maintainable, organisations actually migrate, and independent operators succeed.